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Passwordless Authentication

Passwordless Authentication: Authentication that does not rely on a shared password, such as through passkeys or hardware tokens. Secure implementation depends particularly on suitable algorithms, proper key management, verified implementationsImplementationThe practical realization of a security design, requirement, or control in a system or process., and a controlled chain of trust.

How it works and where it fits

Passwordless Authentication separates the subject, digital identity, authentication factor, and authorization decision. Authentication establishes who or what is presenting an identity; authorization then determines which action is permitted in the current context. Session state, device trust, request origin, and risk signals can further influence that decision.

Practical security relevance

Effective implementation requires a controlled identity lifecycle from creation through role and entitlement changes to suspension and removal. Strong authentication, least privilege, periodic recertification, and traceable logs are central. Controls must also identify abuse of legitimate accounts, because valid credentials alone do not prove that an action is legitimate.

  • WebAuthnWebAuthnW3C standard for strong, public-key-based authentication on the web.: W3C standard for strong, public-key-based authentication on the web.
  • Universal Second FactorUniversal Second FactorStandard for hardware-based strong second-factor authentication.: Standard for hardware-based strong second-factor authentication.
  • YubiKeyYubiKeyPhysical authentication and cryptography token from the manufacturer Yubico.: Physical authentication and cryptography token from the manufacturer Yubico.
  • AuthenticationAuthenticationVerification of the claimed identity of a user or system.: Verification of the claimed identity of a user or system.

Related terms